【龔曉康】知己“坎陷”抑或“呈現”?——兼論陽明學對品德主甜心一包養網體與認知主體的開出

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Are the confidant “hidden” or “present”?——Add to discuss the opening of the moral subject and the cognitive subject of Yangmingxue

Author: Yang Xiaokang

Source: The author authorized the Confucian network to publish, original article “Hubei Major” (Philosophy Edition) 2022 Issue 6

Abstract: Mou Zongsan tried to solve the problem of the differentiation of the subject and the object through “confidence oneself” and the problem of knowing the subject and understanding the subject, but he failed to understand the mechanism of “confidence one”, which brought about a multi-theoretical dilemma, especially the problem of the difficulty of the moral subject and the understanding subject to coherence. “Confidant is self-stuck” says that since it is based on “confidant”, it is necessary to return to the state of Yangming to clarify it step by step. The confidant mentioned by Yang Mingxue is the “spirit of creation”. Although it can present all things, it is “inconsistent with things” and cannot be self-entered to generate the differentiation between the subject and the guest. The differentiation between subject and object actually comes from the influence of consciousness. “The place of intention is the object.” The developer of consciousness activities becomes the subject, and the object of consciousness activities becomes the guest. Therefore, the differentiation between subject and object does not originate from the “hidden” of confidants, but from the self-objection of consciousness, which leads to the emergence of moral subjects and cognitive subjects. However, the two subjects are revealed without being influenced by the confidant: the confidant knows good and evil, and can provide people with acquired virtues and laws, and can develop moral subjects accordingly; the confidant’s imperfection can enable people to have clear and obsessive thinking and conscious activities, and can develop knowledge subjects accordingly. The two subjects are both “presentation” of confidants rather than “hidden and trapped”, so they can be parallel and not contradictory. In this regard, the moral subject and the cognitive subject are neither open nor dissipated, but have different futures, but can promote each other.

Author introduction: Yang Xiaokang (1972-), male, from Zhengshui, Sichuan, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Qinzhou University of Philosophy, and a high-end intelligent database researcher at the Qinzhou University of Science and Technology.

The academic community generally believes that Chinese philosophy emphasizes the cultivation of virtue and lightly understands the gain of knowledge, and establishes the moral subject but fails to recognize the subject. For example, although Yang Mingxinxue has determined the “highest subjectivity”, it does not value the development of subjectivity in the object world, so it is “not at ease with the understanding and cognitive activities” [1]. Mou Zongsan also believed that China’s traditional civilization stayed in the spiritual realm of “round and divine”, but did not establish the intellectual realm of “justice to wisdom”. Therefore, he advocated that the reconstruction of “science” requires “reverting out the ‘intellectual subject’ to integrate Greek traditions and developing the independence of academics” [2]. How should the “intellectual subject”, that is, “knowledge subject” be opened? Mou Zongsan believed that this was due to the “self-strickenness of a confidant”, that is, the confidant was treated by the subject and guest, and only then did he know the subject. This statement has attracted the attention of the academic community and received extensive discussions [3]. However, the academic community focuses on the “self-hiddenness of confidants” in the development of “new inner sage” and “new outer king”.tps://twsugarhoney520.org/”>Caiming market theory can be eliminated, but how can “self-hidden” and even treat each other with a host and guest, it has failed to make a useful clarification.

Mu Zongsan’s “self-hidden” statement is based on “knowledge” “Self-” is developed, so there is a need to return to Yangmingxue to analyze this problem further. In fact, Wang Yangming proposed that “a confidant cannot be seen, but seeing is difficult to use, so a confidant does not lose sight of the news, nor does it leave the news” [4]. Among them, “Self-seeking” refers to empirical knowledge, so Wang Yangming actually has a clear reminder about the relationship between confidant and knowledge. This article develops from three aspects: First, based on the meaning of Mou Zongsan’s “confidence in self-strickenness” and clarify the theoretical dilemma that exists; second, analyze the theoretical meaning of Wang Yangming’s division of “true self” and “self in a slap”, and point out the mechanism of the occurrence of subject-object differentiation; finally, return to the state of Yangming and analyze why the “presentation” of confidant can develop moral subject and cognitive subject.

1. The theoretical dilemma of “confidence oneself is trapped”: It is difficult for the moral subject to be united with the understanding subject

Mou Zongsan’s “confidence oneself is trapped” is to develop the understanding subject for Chinese philosophy, so it is necessary to analyze the concept of “subject”. The concept of “subject” originates from the East, But it is not the basis of Chinese philosophy. Descartes’s “I think, so I am” establishes the philosophy of subjectivity, and the “I” of “I think” is the “subject”. However, Descartes’ philosophy is more about realizing the direction of cognitive theory, so this subject is important to cognitive subject based on self-consciousness. In Kant, intelligence emerges from the pre-existence of self-consciousness, using acquired model comprehensive experience data, From this, it is guaranteed that the broad and certainty of knowledge is necessary, so people can become intellectual subjects. Of course, Kant also believes that people can become moral subjects, “because they use their unrestrained self-discipline but their own sacred moral subjects” [5]. This means that human will is unrestrained in real sensibility, and can provide moral laws and regulations to make themselves moral subjects. Mou Zongsan Kant said that the evaluation was very high, and he believed that he was the only one who could open the subject, “is to be able to understand the wise subject and to understand the moral subject.” [6]. However, he also believed that the will of the moral subject that Kant mentioned is just a kind of indefinitement, and it is not difficult for humanity to obey these laws. Therefore, Kant actually has serious theoretical shortcomings in the development of the moral subject. .

In Mou Zongsan’s view, the reason why Chinese philosophy failed to know the subject was because the subject and the guest failed to have a “breaking”. Then how should the “breaking” between the subject and the guest occur? He believed that this problem should be discussed based on “unrestrained and unlimited mind”. The activity of the mind not only expresses “knowing the form” but also expresses “actual form彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩� These two subjects are “the two forms of unity and dedicatedness”. How can the “morality of morality” be transformed into “the understanding of mind”, which is the inner New Year of the “heart” itself.